Unit 7 - Psychological Disorders and Treatments

A harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable

U - unjustifiable

M - Maladpative

A - Atypical

D - Disturbing 

DSM V

• DSM will classify disorders and describe their disorders
• DSM will NOT explain the cause or possible cures

Disorders

Anxiety Disorder

• a group of conditions where the primary symptoms are anxiety or defenses against anxiety
• the patient fears something awful will happen to them
• they are in a state of intense apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or fear

Phobias

• a person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread

Panic Disorder

• an anxiety disorder marked by minute-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking and other frightening sensations

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

• an anxiety disorder in which a person is continuously tense, apprehensive and in a state of automatic nervous system arousal
• the patient is constantly tense and worried, feels inadequate, is oversensitive,, can't concentrate and suffers from insomnia

Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder

• persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need (compulsion) to engage in a particular action
• obsessions about dirt and germs may lead to compulsive hand washing

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

• flashbacks or nightmares following a person's involvement in or observation of an extremely stressful events
• memories of the event cause anxiety  

Somatoform Disorders

• occurs when a person manifests a psychological problems through a physiological symptom

Hypochondriasis

• has frequent physical complaints for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause 

Conversion Disorder

• report the existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason
• like blindness or paralysis

Dissociative Disorder

• these disorders involve disruption in the consciousness process

Psychogenic Amnesia 

• a person cannot remember things with no physiological basis for the disruption in memory
• retrograde amnesia
• NOT organic

Dissociative Fugue

• people with psychogenic amnesia that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment 

Dissociative Identity Disorder

• used to be known as multiple personality disorder 
• a person has several rather than one integrated personality
• people with DID commonly have a history of childhood abuse or trauma

Mood Disorders

• experience extreme or inappropriate emotion

Major Depression

• unhappy for at least two weeks with no apparent cause
• depression is the common cold of psychological disorders 

Seasonal Affective Disorder

• experience depression during the winter season 
• based not on temperature, but the amount of sunlight
• treated with light therapy

Bipolar Disorder

• for many manic depression
• involves periods of depression and manic episodes
• manic episodes involve feeling of high energy
• engage in risky behavior during the manic episode

Schizophrenia

About 1 in every 100 people are diagnosed with schizophrenia

Symptoms

• disorganized thinking 
• disrupted perception
• inappropriate emotions and actions

Disorganized Thinking

• the thinking of a person with schizophrenia is fragmented and bizarre and distorted with false beliefs
• disorganized thinking comes from a breakdown in selective attention

Delusions

• delusions are persecution 
• delusions of glandular 

Disturbed Perception 

• hallucinations- sensory experiences without sensory simulations

Inappropriate Emotions and Actions

• Laugh at inappropriate times
• flat affect
• senseless, compulsive acts
• catatonia- motionless

Positive vs Negative Symptoms

• Positive - presence of inappropriate symptoms 
• Negative - Absence of appropriate ones

Types of Schizophrenia

Paranoid Schizophrenia

• preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations 
• somebody is out to get me!!!

Disorganized Schizophrenia 

• disorganized speech or behavior, flat pr inappropriate emotion

Catatonic Schizophrenia

• parrot like repeating of another's speech and movement

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

• many and varied symptoms

Personality Disorders

Psychological disorder characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Paranoid Personalty Disorder 

• paranoid personality disorder is characterized by a distrust of others and a constant suspicion that people are you have sinister motives

Antisocial Personality Disorder

• characterized by lack of conscience 
• tend to lie and steal   

Borderline Personality Disorder

• characterized by mood instability and poor self-image
• people with this disorder are prone to constant mood swings and bouts of anger

Histrionic Personality Disorder

• constant attention seeker

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

• characterized by self-contentedness

Schizoid Personality Disorder

• avoid relationships and do not show emotions 

Schizotypal

• characterized by a need for social isolation, and behavior and thinking often unconventional beliefs such as being convinced of having extra sensory abilities
• some people believe that schizotypal personality is a mild form of schizophrenia

Avoidant Personality Disorder

• characterized by persuasive patterns of social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation
• considered themselves to be socially inept or personally unappealing, and avoid social interaction for fear of being ridiculed or humiliated

Dependent Personality Disorder

• characterized by a persuasive psychological dependence on other people
• has difficulty making everyday decisions without excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others 

Obsessive Personality Disorder

• characterized by general psychological inflexibility, rigid conformity to rules and procedures, perfectionism, and excessive orderliness