Thursday, December 12, 2019

Unit 5 - Social Pyschology

Social psychology is the study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Social Thinking

Image result for attribution theory cartoon Attribution Theory

  • the idea that we give a casual explanation for someone's behavior
  • we credit that behavior either to the situation or...
  • to the person's disposition

Fundamental Attribution Theory

  • the tendency to underestimate the impact of a situation or overestimate the impact of a personal disposition

Attitudes

  • a belief or felling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to something

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

  • the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to later comply with a larger request

Door-in-the-Face Phenomenon

  • the tendency for people who say no to a huge request, to comply with a smaller one 

Cognitive Dissonance 

  • we don't like when we have either conflicting attitudes or when our attitudes don't match our actions
  • when they clash, we will change our attitude to create balance



Social Influence

Conformity

    Image result for conformity
  • adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
Conditions that Strengthen Conformity

  • one made to feel incompetent 
  • the group is at least 3 people
  • the group is unanimous 
  • one admires the group's status
  • one had made no prior commitment
  • the person is observed 
  • Normative Social Influence: influences resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disappointment 
  • Informational Social Influence: influence resulting from one's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality

Social Facilitation

  • improved performance of tasks in the presence of others
  • occurs with simple or well learned tasks
  • not with tasks that are difficult or not mastered yet

Yerkes-Dodson Law 

There is an optimal level of arousal for the best performance of any task:
  • easy tasks- relatively high
  • difficult tasks- low arousal
  • other tasks- moderate level

Social Loafing

  • the tendency for people in a group exert less effort when pooling efforts toward a common goal than if they were individually accountable 

Deindividuation 

  • the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity 

Group Polarization

  • the concept that a group's attitude is one of extremes and rarely moderate

Group Thinking

  • The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides common sense 

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy 

  • occurs when one person's belief about others leads one to act in ways that induce the others to appear to confirm the belief

Social Relations 

Prejudice 

  • An unjustifiable attitude towards a group of people
  • usually involves stereotyped beliefs (a generalized belief about a group of people)
Social Inequalities 

  • Ingroup Bias: the tendency to favor one's own group
  • Ingroup: "us" - people wit whom one shares a common identity
  • Outgroup: "them" - those perceived as different than one's ingroup  

Scapegoat Theory

  • the theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger providing someone to blame
Image result for fighting cartoon

Aggression

  • any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone 

Conflict

  • a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas


Love
    Image result for passionate vs compassionate love cartoon
  • Passionate love: an aroused state of intense positive absorption of another
  • Compassionate Love: the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined 

Altruism

  • unselfish regard for the welfare of others 
  • Kitty Genovese Case
  • Bystander Effect: bystanders are less willing to help if there are other bystanders around 



1 comment:

  1. Because of your notes I can now notice how people interact with each other in a new perspective and the effects of their interact.

    ReplyDelete