Social Thinking
Attribution Theory
- the idea that we give a casual explanation for someone's behavior
- we credit that behavior either to the situation or...
- to the person's disposition
Fundamental Attribution Theory
- the tendency to underestimate the impact of a situation or overestimate the impact of a personal disposition
Attitudes
- a belief or felling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to something
Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
- the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to later comply with a larger request
Door-in-the-Face Phenomenon
- the tendency for people who say no to a huge request, to comply with a smaller one
Cognitive Dissonance
- we don't like when we have either conflicting attitudes or when our attitudes don't match our actions
- when they clash, we will change our attitude to create balance
Social Influence
Conformity
Conditions that Strengthen Conformity
- one made to feel incompetent
- the group is at least 3 people
- the group is unanimous
- one admires the group's status
- one had made no prior commitment
- the person is observed
- Normative Social Influence: influences resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disappointment
- Informational Social Influence: influence resulting from one's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality
Social Facilitation
- improved performance of tasks in the presence of others
- occurs with simple or well learned tasks
- not with tasks that are difficult or not mastered yet
Yerkes-Dodson Law
There is an optimal level of arousal for the best performance of any task:
- easy tasks- relatively high
- difficult tasks- low arousal
- other tasks- moderate level
Social Loafing
- the tendency for people in a group exert less effort when pooling efforts toward a common goal than if they were individually accountable
Deindividuation
- the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Group Polarization
- the concept that a group's attitude is one of extremes and rarely moderate
Group Thinking
- The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides common sense
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
- occurs when one person's belief about others leads one to act in ways that induce the others to appear to confirm the belief
Social Relations
Prejudice
- An unjustifiable attitude towards a group of people
- usually involves stereotyped beliefs (a generalized belief about a group of people)
Social Inequalities
- Ingroup Bias: the tendency to favor one's own group
- Ingroup: "us" - people wit whom one shares a common identity
- Outgroup: "them" - those perceived as different than one's ingroup
Scapegoat Theory
- the theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger providing someone to blame
Aggression
- any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
Conflict
- a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
- Passionate love: an aroused state of intense positive absorption of another
- Compassionate Love: the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
Altruism
- unselfish regard for the welfare of others
- Kitty Genovese Case
- Bystander Effect: bystanders are less willing to help if there are other bystanders around
Because of your notes I can now notice how people interact with each other in a new perspective and the effects of their interact.
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